Environmental Management and Pollution |
The following course in Environmental Management and Pollution is provided in its entirety by Atlantic
International University's "Open
Access Initiative" which strives to make knowledge
and education readily available to those seeking advancement
regardless of their socio-economic situation, location
or other previously limiting factors. The University's
Open Courses are
free and do not require any purchase or registration,
they are open to the public.
The course in Environmental Management and Pollution contains the following:
- Lessons in video format with explaination of theoratical content.
- Complementary activities that will make research more about the topic , as well as put into practice what you studied in the lesson. These activities are not part of their final evaluation.
- Texts supporting explained in the video.
The Administrative Staff may be part of a degree program paying up to three college credits. The lessons of the course can be taken on line Through distance learning. The content and access are open to the public according to the "Open Access" and " Open Access " Atlantic International University initiative. Participants who wish to receive credit and / or term certificate , must register as students.
Lesson 1: WHAT IS POLLUTION?
Water is a unique substance, because it can naturally renew and cleanse itself, by allowing pollutants to settle out (through the process of sedimentation) or break down, or by diluting the pollutants to a point where they are not in harmful concentrations. However, this natural process takes time, and is difficult when excessive quantities of harmful contaminants are added to the water and humans are using more and more materials that are polluting the water sources that we drink from. In nine of the last ten years, large blue-green algae blooms have appeared on the northern part of Lake Winnipeg. These are caused by excess phosphorus in the water.
Lesson 2: Environmental Management & Pollution
Amongst the developing countries, India is the foremost nation to take note of degradation of environment. In 1972, in the world environmental conference held at Stockholm, our government declared that it is their responsibility to control pollution in India. Even during recent global conference held at Kyoto in Japan, India accepted the responsibility of reducing global warming and depletion of ozone layer by banning the use of chloro-fluoro carbons in cryogenic engineering within a stipulated period.
Lesson 3: ATMOSPHERIC POLLUTION
Many forms of atmospheric pollution
affect human health and the environment at levels from local to global. These contaminants are emitted from diverse sources, and some of them react together to form new compounds in the air. Industrialized nations have made important progress toward controlling some pollutants in recent decades, but air quality is much worse in many developing countries, and global circulation patterns can transport some types of pollution rapidly around the world. In this unit, you will discover the basic chemistry of atmospheric pollution and learn which human activities have the greatest impacts on air quality.
Lesson 4: SECONDARY ATMOSPHERIC POLLUTION
Acid rain was first identified in the 19th century, when English pharmacist Robert Angus Smith measured high acidity levels in rain falling over industrial regions of England and much lower levels in less-polluted areas near the coast. However, this pattern did not receive sustained attention until biologists began to notice sharp declines in fish populations in lakes in Norway, the northeastern United States, and Canada in the 1950s and 1960s. In each case researchers found that acid precipitation was altering lake chemistry. These findings spurred research into the causes of acid rain.
Lesson 5: WATER QUALITY
This lesson introduced you to the water environment and the natural cycle that connects all waters on earth: the hydrologic cycle. It introduced you to the natural conditions that influence water quality and to some important concerns about different waters. You can more fully appreciate these natural conditions and concerns if you understand some of the basic chemical and biological properties of water.
What is clean water? Clean water is a clear creek cascading down a steep mountainside, and a refreshing glass of ice water on a hot day. It is a spring-fed brook filled with wild trout, and rain falling on a parched field. It is a lush, green wetland teeming with vegetation and wildlife, and a dynamic estuary surging with the tide, filled with healthy shellfish and salmon.
Lesson 6: WATER POLLUTION
These control structures should be recognized not only for their benefits to society, but also for their costs to the environment. The purpose of this lesson was to introduce you to some of the sources of water pollution: stormwater runoff, domestic discharges, industrial discharges, accidental spills, and water control structures. You learned that stormwat
Lesson 7: HAZARDS OF HEAVY METAL CONTAMINATION
The main threats to human health from heavy metals are associated with exposure to lead, cadmium, mercury and arsenic. These metals have been extensively studied and their effects on human health regularly reviewed by international bodies such as the WHO. Heavy metals have been used by humans for thousands of years. Although several adverse health effects of heavy metals have been known for a long time, exposure to heavy metals continues, and is even increasing in some parts of the world, in particular in less developed countries, though emissions have declined in most developed countries over the last 100 years.
Lesson 8: Environmental and Chemical Carcinogenesis
People are continuously exposed exogenously to varying amounts of chemicals that have been shown to have carcinogenic or mutagenic properties in experimental systems. Exposure can occur exogenously when these agents are present in food, air or water, and also endogenously when they are products of metabolism or pathophysiologic states such as inflammation. It has been estimated that exposure
to environmental chemical carcinogens may contribute significantly to the causation of a sizable fraction, perhaps a majority, of human cancers, when exposures are related to ―life-style‖ factors such as diet, tobacco use, etc.
Lesson 9: Group Facilitation Techniques & Methods
This is vital for team success to gain commitment for action and should be a simple technique for team use after any type of team event such as meetings, projects, etc. Usually the items captured are what, when, who with space for a progress to be captured. To ease the assignment of action points, it is sometimes best to leave that part to the end of the meeting/event.
Lesson 10: Waste Management
Waste generation is closely linked to population, urbanization and affluence. The archaeologist E.W. Haury wrote: ‘Whichever way one views the mounds [of waste], as garbage piles to avoid, or as symbols of a way of life, they…are the features more productive of information than any others.’(1976).
Archaeological excavations have yielded thicker cultural layers from periods of prosperity; correspondingly, modern waste-generation rates can be correlated to various indicators of affluence, including gross domestic product (GDP)/cap, energy consumption/cap, , and private final consumption/cap (Bingemer and Crutzen, 1987; Richards, 1989; Rathje et al., 1992; Mertins et al., 1999; US EPA, 1999; Nakicenovic et al., 2000; Bogner and Matthews, 2003; OECD, 2004).
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